Das Logistik-Glossar
Sales channel
SCM
Sea freight
Seaway bill
Selective warehousing
Semi knocked down (SKD)
Service logistics
Shareholder value
Shelf-type rack
Shell conveyor
Shipper
Shipping department
Single sourcing
Single-line store
SKD
Small container
Smart labels
Solution sets
Sought-after and comparison products
Source
Sourcing
Spare-parts logistics
Special logistics
Specially purchased products
Speculation
Spontaneously purchased products
SRM
Stack pallet
Stock rooms, within stores
Storage and retrieval unit
Storage carousel
Storage-space assignment
Supplier relationship management
Suppliers' conferences
Supplier-specific productive goods
Supply chain
Supply chain event management
Supply chain management
Supply service
Supply warehouse
Swap body
System service provider
Safety stock
The safety stock is a level below which inventories never should fall in planning terms. It helps negate volume-related and time-related swings in warehouse receipts and retrievals. The size of the safety stock depends on the length of replenishment times, the probability of running past replenishment times and of excess retrieval, delivery readiness and the number of warehouses. If suppliers are unable to deliver on time, shortfall costs will arise. At the same time, warehousing costs rise when safety stocks increase.
Sea freight
Sea freight is the transport of goods in the form of bulk cargo, general cargo or containers by sea – either in inland or international maritime shipments. This means of transport is well suited for heavy, big-volume or large-quantity shipments. The shipments can also have a low commodity value. The shipping time is indeed relatively long, but it is more cost effective than air freight.
Seaway bill
The seaway bill is a non-negotiable document that serves as proof of a contract for the transport of goods by sea. It identifies the shipper who has accepted the goods or taken them on board. It also spells out the shipper’s obligation to transport the goods to the destination listed on the document.
Shareholder value
Shareholder value reflects the market value of a company’s equity capital. As a business-management concept for company valuation, the shareholder-value approach (developed by Rappaport) determines the enterprise value as a sum of discounted future cash flow minus the market value of debt.
Shelf-type rack
Shelf-type racks consist of side supports between which continuous shelves are installed. The design of the shelves is based on the goods to be stored. The shelves are generally serviced manually. Such shelf-type racks are typically found in low-storage and multi-story warehouses. They are frequently used to store non-palletized items, small parts and bulky components. Generally speaking, they are suited for storage of small to medium quantities per item within a broad assortment and a wide variety of items.
Shell conveyor
A shell conveyor is a special means of conveyance to transport load units and is frequently used in the parcel segment of postal processing. The parcels are taken to the sorting area in a tilt tray. When they are unloaded, the tray is tipped, and gravity sends the parcel sliding to its destination.
Shipping department
The shipping department performs the job of sending goods to a recipient as well as the related preparatory work. This includes retrieval of goods from the packing department or from the intermediate warehouse that is organized by customer or type of shipment; the scheduling of the pick-up means of transport; and the loading. The focus of the shipping department is movement processes. Goods are rarely held for extended periods of time in the shipping department.
Single sourcing
Single sourcing is a procurement strategy in which the manufacturer draws his industrial raw materials, auxiliary supplies and operating supplies from a single supplier. As a result, the manufacturer strives to create a long-term relationship with the supplier.
The benefits of single sourcing include quantity-related discounts. Costs for transactions and processing are also saved. One disadvantage faced by the manufacturer is the relative dependence on the supplier.
Single-line store
Also: buffer store
The single-line store is used for goods that are delivered, stored and dispatched in the same unit.
As a result of the high uniformity of activities, single-line stores are largely automated. Extreme space utilization can be achieved because movement processes are performed far in the background.
If the units do not immediately go to dispatch following retrieval and are sent to an order-picking store, the single-line store is also called a buffer store where large amounts and units of goods are stored for a relatively long time.
Specially purchased products
Specially purchased products are characterized by highly distinct product features and strong brand loyalty. To the consumer, the product is so unique that he is willing to put off his purchase when the item is out of stock and wait until a new delivery is made. The delivery service has little significance for such products.
Speculation
Inventories are created in both procurement and distribution warehouses when a company is anticipating price increases. In such cases, the procuring company is seeking to acquire goods at current low prices. The supplier is speculating in certain circumstances that a supply shortage will drive prices higher, and he holds the inventories in his warehouse as a result. Speculation that results in warehouse inventories is not always related to prices. Generally speaking, speculation-fueled inventories are created as a result of a shortage of goods. Inventories could also be created because of expectations that a strike at some companies will cause supply disruptions.
Spontaneously purchased products
With spontaneously purchased products, the existence and the form of presentation trigger purchasing decisions. As a result, a consumer spontaneously makes additional purchases of available goods when he sees the product or substitutes sold-out items with available ones. For these goods, the delivery service is a particularly critical factor for both the retailer and the manufacturer because both suffer lost sales when the product is not available.
Storage-space assignment
Distinctions are drawn between a fixed and unrestricted form of storage-space assignment as well as a combination of both variations. In the fixed system, each item is assigned to a specific storage space. In the unrestricted form of storage-space assignment (also called chaotic storage), every item is stored in any available place, ensuring that the storage space can be optimally used. Variations are lateral distribution in which storage units of an item are placed across several aisles as well as unrestricted storage-space assignment within pre-determined areas. In this method, storage units are placed in an available space within the pre-assigned areas.
Supplier relationship management
Supplier relationship management can be the mirror image of customer relationship management. Here, too, product and service agreements (PSA) are reached with every supplier (PSA) with the aim of intensifying the relationship. With important suppliers, strategic plans are devised, and these plans support production flow management and product development. Long-term partnerships are set up with a small number of strategically important suppliers. At an early point, these suppliers are integrated into the product-development process, helping significantly shorten the development time of new products.
Suppliers' conferences
Suppliers’ conferences are a typical communications instrument to which procuring companies invite current and potential suppliers. They are an opportunity for the company to talk with them about solutions, which also can affect procurement-logistics problems, or to examine the possibility of a future working relationship.
Supply chain
The supply chain (delivery or value chain) is a cross-organization network that works as an entire system to bring goods to a certain market.
Today’s supply chains are very complex, interdependent organizations because of their variety of partner suppliers, service providers and customers – who, in turn, may be part of other supply chains. As a result of their frequent network-like structure, a more apt description of a supply chain would be “supply network.”
Supply chain event management
The principal idea of supply chain event management is to spare those responsible for a certain supply process (or other processes) from having to do the tracking & tracing for all shipments or all objects (e.g., vehicles and containers). Instead, these parties automatically receive information only when something goes wrong as a result of an unplanned event.
The supply chain event management system can possibly even suggest ways to eliminate the unplanned situation and automatically take action.
Supply chain management
Supply chain management can be simply described as the sequence or chain of activities aimed at successfully serving customers and/or markets – in other words, a more efficient and effective way of working. For this purpose, the chatins within a company and between companies are viewed holistically. This overview is intended to make “supply chains" active, transparent and cross-divisional entities.
Supply chains include the integrated flow of materials within a company (e.g., production, storage and transport) as well as between companies (e.g., dairy farmers, wholesalers, yogurt makers, retailers, customers). Other supply chains in terms of SCM are information flows and money streams.
Swap body
Swap bodies, which are also known as exchangeable containers and interchangeable units, are collapsible units used for load shipments in road/rail transport. But they cannot be stacked on top of one another. A swap body can be parked during loading and unloading procedures while the vehicle delivers another loaded unit. Lift systems are used to manipulate the swap body’s support legs. These systems use a pneumatic spring to sink or lift the vehicle or employ a special support system to raise or lower the swap body. It dimensions are 6.25 meters or 7.15 meters long, 2.50 meters wide and 2.60 meters tall. The cargo capacity depends on the permissible total weight of the road-transport vehicle.
