Das Logistik-Glossar
FBL
FCA
FCL
FCR
FIATA combined transport bill of lading
FIFO
First in, first out
First leg and subsequent leg
First mile
Flat pallet
Fleet management
Flow-through rack
FOB
Forklift
Forklift truck
Forwarder
Forwarding agent’s certificate of receipt
Forwarding company
Fourth-party logistics provider
Free alongside ship
Free carrier
Free on board
Free-trade zone
Freight center
Freight management
Freight-material management system
FTL
Full container-load
Full truckload
Functional organization
FIATA combined transport bill of lading
This document, developed by an international association of forwarding agents called FIATA, is a sellable ocean bill of lading for combined transports using several means of transport, which is also known as multi-modal or intermodal transports. The issuer, usually a forwarding agent, is liable for losses and damage with two special drawing rights (the World Bank’s universal unit of account) per kilogram. Or he is liable in the manner that the person who caused the damage would be if this blame can be clearly ascertained. The FBL is recognized by the International Chamber of Commerce as a document eligible for letter-of-credit procedures.
Flow-through rack
Flow-through racks are dynamic warehouses where the stored goods are continuously or discontinuously moved from the load face and picking face.
Flow-through racks are frequently used for picking in distribution warehouses.
Usually, palletized stored goods are moved on tilted roller conveyors or on tilted tracks with wheeled pallets using gravity or a mechanical drive system on non-tilted rails. In such racks, the "fifo" (first-in, first-out) principle applies inevitably, and the surface and spatial degree of utilization is relatively high. Flow-through racks require relatively large investments.
Forklift truck
Forklift trucks are ground conveyors and are used to carry cargo (usually on pallets) for short distances on level surfaces. The fundamental component of the forklift truck is the open winch unit consisting of a lift mast and the fork carriage.
Forklift trucks are operated by a human driver and are always motorized. As a result, heavy cargo can be moved and, thanks to the lift system, stored in high racks.
Forwarder
The forwarder is a businessman who organizes the transport of goods from Point A to Point B. Either he contracts a carrier or he handles the shipment himself – such cases are described as self-contracting by the forwarder. The forwarder generally gets his contract from the group that wants to ship the cargo. The forwarder’s jobs also include selecting and monitoring stockkeepers and other service providers – if he does not provide the services himself.
Forwarding agent’s certificate of receipt
The FCR (forwarding agent’s certificate of receipt) is a blocking document similar to the consignment note used by railways. With the FCR, the forwarding agent certifies that he has received the shipment for irrevocable transport to the designated recipient. The shipment can be revoked only if the original document is returned. The wording of the forwarding agent’s certificate of receipt must be authorized by the FIATA, and prepayment instructions must follow incoterm regulations. The FCR is a letter-of-credit document.
Fourth-party logistics provider
Providers of 4PL are a type of service agent. On behalf of a customer, they search individually along the entire logistics and supply chain. It is their job to put together the most effective and cost-efficient complete logistics package for the customer. Frequently, 4PL providers do not have their own facilities and resources. Rather, they act exclusively as independent agents.
If the 4PL company serves as the lead logistics provider (LLP), it can also coordinate and integrate the services of third parties with complementary or supporting activities.
Free-trade zone
Various types of free-trade zones are used. One type can involve an alliance of several countries working to eliminate trade barriers like tariffs.
National free-trade zones also exist. They are frequently located near major transshipping locations like harbors. Here, too, customs exemptions are used. These regions also offer tax breaks. The aim of such free-trade zones is to lure foreign investors and strengthen industry in the regions.
Freight center
A freight center serves as a logistics hub in the transport network. It links at least two, but generally three different types of transport (road, rail, water, air). In this way, a burden is to be lifted from heavily used transport routes like highways. The environmental impact is also to be eased by using rail and ship transports.
Functional organization
The functional organization is based on performance-related structural criteria.
As a result, logistics can be integrated centrally or decentrally into the present organizational structure as an additional function. It becomes an equal member along with basic operational activities such as production, sales and procurement. The fundamental condition for this decision is the acceptance of logistics as an operational function.
