Das Logistik-Glossar
DDP
DDU
Delay
Delivered at frontier
Delivered duty paid
Delivered duty unpaid
Delivered ex quay
Delivered ex ship
Delivering carrier
Delivery condition
Delivery dependability
Delivery flexibility
Delivery order
Delivery principle
Delivery quality
Delivery readiness
Delivery reliability
Delivery service
Delivery time
Depot
DEQ
Deregulation
DES
Direct delivery
Discontinuous conveyor
Discounted cash flow
Disposal channel
Disposal logistics
Distribution
Distribution agent
Distribution center
Distribution helper
Distribution logistics
Dock receipt
Door-to-door transports
Downtime costs
Draft
Drive-in rack
Drive-through rack
Dual-use goods
Delivered at frontier
The supplier is required to transfer the goods that have not been cleared for import to the customer at the border of the designated destination. He assumes all transport costs and the risk until he reaches the border of the location in the destination country. DAF is an incoterm and applies to all means of transport.
Delivered duty paid
The supplier is required to transfer the goods that have been cleared for import to the customer at the designated site of the identified location in the importing country. He assumes all transport costs, the risk and the costs associated with the import and export of the goods. DDP is an incoterm and applies to all means of transport.
Delivered duty unpaid
The supplier is required to transfer the goods that have not been cleared for import to the customer at the designated site of the identified location in the importing country. He assumes all transport costs and the risk until the shipment reaches the identified location in the destination county. DDU is an incoterm and applies to all means of transport.
Delivered ex quay
The supplier is required to transfer the goods that have been cleared for import to the customer at the quayside of the identified designation harbor. He assumes all transport costs, risk and costs associated with the import and export of the goods. DEQ is an incoterm and applies to seagoing and inland waterway transports.
Delivered ex ship
The supplier is required to transfer the goods that have not been cleared for import to the customer on board a ship in the identified designation harbor. He assumes all transport costs and the risks until the shipment reaches the identified harbor in the destination country. DES is an incoterm and applies to seagoing and inland waterway transports.
Delivering carrier
This is the company that conducts the transport of goods by land or on rivers or other inland waterways (the equivalent for air freight is the carrier). In domestic freight transports conducted with vehicles, the delivering carrier is also known as "contractor,” and in sea freight as "shipper.”
Delivery condition
The condition of the delivery covers two factors used by the customer to judge the quality of a delivery: delivery accuracy and the condition of the delivery.
Delivery accuracy shows the extent to which the ordered products were delivered in the desired type and quantity. The condition of the delivery largely depends on how well the packaging performed its job of protecting the delivery of goods.
Delivery flexibility
The degree of delivery flexibility is based on the supplier’s delivery system. If it is possible to respond to the customer’s special needs, the degree is high. On the other hand, some systems require the customer to act in accordance to the supplier’s rigid rules of distribution logistics. Delivery flexibility is primarily linked to three factors – contract terms, supplier terms and information from the customer.
Delivery order
A delivery order is required for a business transaction in which the importer requires the help of a third party to make a delivery. This is the case when, as a result of a bill of lading (consolidated bill of lading), several lots for various recipients are loaded. The importer then requires a pre-delivery inspection. To prevent the customer from bypassing this inspection, the customer is allowed to take possession of the goods only in the presence of the holder of the bill of lading. The supplier uses the delivery order for this purpose.
Delivery reliability
Delivery reliability (delivery dependability, adherence to deadlines) describes the faithfulness (probability) with which delivery times are kept. Delivery reliability is linked to two endogenous factors: reliability of the work process and delivery readiness.
The work processes carried out in the individual phases of the delivery time must be conducted within the time allotted for them. Delivery readiness shows the extent to which the requested quantity can be delivered.
Deregulation
In deregulation, government-controlled activities or companies are transferred to the open market. In Germany, the Deutsche Bundesbahn (railroad) and the Deutsche Bundespost (postal service) were once owned by the government. Since deregulation, the Federal Republic of Germany only owns stock in the new private companies, "Deutsche Bahn AG," "Deutsche Telekom AG" and "Deutsche Post AG."
Discontinuous conveyor
Discontinuous conveyors are all means of transport that are used in intermittent service. Discontinuous conveyors that primarily perform vertical transport functions are called lift-table conveyors. Those that primarily perform horizontal transport functions are called ground conveyors, which are broken down into railborne and railless ground conveyors.
Discounted cash flow
The discounted cash-flow process is an approach to determine a company’s value or to evaluate projects. For this purpose, future cash flows are discounted with capital costs on a valuation day.
The results of this calculation are called the net present value or capital value of the company / project.
Disposal logistics
Disposal logistics applies to the application of logistics concepts to residues (secondary raw materials, waste). In addition to commercial objectives, disposal logistics focuses on environmental goals. By performing special disposal tasks, it actively helps solve environmental problems and highlights the role of logistics in environmental protection.
Distribution center
This is a node within a logistics network. It is usually a warehouse where large amounts of various goods are transshipped. Frequently, the shipments are broken down and recombined before being delivered to their individual recipients. Many distribution centers use special processing/warehousing equipment and IT systems.
Distribution helper
Legally autonomous organs (logistics companies) that support and facilitate the distribution process of industrial and retail companies are called distribution or sales helpers.
Distribution helpers do not take ownership of the goods. Typical distribution helpers are forwarders, logistics service providers and commercial agents.
Distribution logistics
This form of logistics addresses all physical, bureaucratic and planning processes associated with the distribution of goods at an industrial or retail company to the next stage of the economic process or to the end consumer. Ultimately, the objective is to deliver the right good in the required quality and amount at the right time to the correct place. Another demand placed on distribution logistics is to carry out processes as cost efficiently as possible.
Draft
In international trade, some countries generally enclose a bill of exchange (sight draft) issued by the exporter and drawn on the importer among the documentation. The regulations of some importing countries even require it. The provision of the sight draft (worded as follows: "Pay on sight against this draft...”) to the person obligated to make the payment is nothing more than a receipt for the recipient. Sight drafts are used when no credit is to be extended to the purchaser. Term drafts are used if the vendor intends to set a payment date.
Drive-in rack
Drive-in racks are a special form of pallet racks and are used for block storage with racks. Because these racks use only longitudinal beams, the palletized goods can be stored not only on top and beside each other but also behind each other.
Drive-in racks can be used only from one side. As a result, they are loaded and unloaded from one side. Drive-in racks offer maximum storage capacity at minimum space volumes. Drive-in racks are suited for storing large numbers of each item with heavy weights and low item numbers as well as for pressure-sensitive goods and non-stackable loading units.
Drive-through rack
Just like drive-in racks, drive-through racks are designed for large quantities per item, heavy goods and small item numbers as well as pressure-sensitive goods and non-stackable loading units.
Both sides of drive-through racks can be used because the forklift can drive completely through it. As a result, drive-through racks offer the benefits of large product handling as well as create the possibility of separating the goods movements of loading and unloading processes. Drive-through racks can be used to store pressure-sensitive goods and non-stackable loading units.
